I am incredibly grateful to WCRF for supporting our project to explore the integration of personalised weight management and physical activity during cancer treatment for patients with obesity. By focusing on reducing weight while preserving muscle mass, this research will lay the groundwork for larger studies that examine the broader effects on tumour relapse, treatment side effects, and quality of life as well as uncover the long-term cardiometabolic benefits of sustained weight loss. – Dr Lorena Arribas
Background
Global cancer incidence is expected to increase 47% by 2040 aggravated by increased risk factors, including obesity. The number of people with obesity diagnosed with cancer is increasing rapidly. Patients with obesity struggle more during cancer treatments and are at higher risk for mortality, recurrence, and cardiovascular complications than patients with normal weight. Nutritional guidelines for patients with cancer recommend maintaining body weight during treatment to prevent malnutrition and muscle loss. However, monitored weight-reducing strategies during cancer treatment may help to reduce side effects of the cancer treatment and potential health diseases associated with obesity in the future.
Aims and objectives
The purpose of the study is to evaluate if a combined intervention of weight management and physical activity is feasible during cancer treatment in patients with obesity. This intervention will focus on losing weight and maintaining muscle mass with a personalised weight reduction intervention, including a caloric-restrictive diet, exercise and promotion of healthy habits. Secondly, the study will examine how much the intervention impacts weight loss and inflammatory biomarkers.
How it will be done
Our feasibility study will involve 50 patients with obesity who have been newly diagnosed with solid tumours and are receiving curative treatment. All participants will receive the intervention, which consists of a personalised low-caloric (20% caloric reduction) and high-protein diet (1.5 g of protein/kg/day). Additionally, they will engage in supervised exercise sessions at home, three times a week, with each session lasting 60 minutes. Follow-up appointments will be arranged with a clinical dietitian and physiotherapist at intervals of 15 days and one month, respectively, until the completion of the oncological treatment, which is expected to last between 3 to 9 months. Patients struggling to comply with the program will be assessed by a psycho-oncologist.
Potential impact
This study aims to showcase the potential of implementing a personalised approach to nutrition and lifestyle modifications for people undergoing oncological treatment. By focusing on reducing weight while preserving muscle mass, we can pave the way for more extensive and comprehensive studies. These future endeavours will delve into the impact of such interventions on various aspects, including tumour relapse, treatment side effects, quality of life, and overall survival. Additionally, we will explore the long-term benefits of weight loss, particularly in relation to cardiometabolic diseases.