Winning this grant to study the association between metabolic syndrome, gut microbiome and breast cancer among Ghanaian women is a transformative opportunity, marking a pivotal step towards understanding cancer risk across the African continent. This grant not only enables us to uncover the unique risk factors impacting breast cancer in Ghana but also paves the way for comprehensive, prospective cancer studies in Africa—laying the groundwork for improved prevention and intervention strategies continent-wide.– Professor Reginald Adjetey Annan
Background
Breast cancer is a major public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa challenging healthcare systems. Women of African descent are more likely to develop an aggressive form of breast cancer called triple-negative breast cancer, which affects recovery rates. Most studies on breast cancer have been conducted among women of other races in other parts of the world. Although recent research suggests metabolic syndrome (a group of conditions that together increase your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and stroke), and gut microbiome (the microorganisms in our digestive system) play essential roles in breast cancer risk, few studies explore these factors in Sub-Saharan Africa. Addressing this is critical for improving prevention and treatment for breast cancer among women of African descent. This study will explore how metabolic syndrome and the gut microbiome may work together to affect breast cancer risk among Ghanaian women and help future research.
Aims and objectives
We predict that differences in metabolic syndrome and gut microbiome significantly contribute to the risk and progress of breast cancer in Ghanaian women. Among women screened for breast cancer, we will:
- Identify those with metabolic syndrome and assess hormonal and lifestyle factors, like physical activity, alcohol and diet consumption, and breastfeeding practices.
- Study the gut microbiome to see specific microorganisms’ patterns or imbalances.
- Explore how metabolic syndrome and gut microbiome work together to affect breast cancer risk.
- Establish forward-looking studies to understand cancer among Sub-Saharan African women generally and breast cancer survival specifically.
How it will be done
This study will evaluate the role of metabolic syndrome, gut microbiome, and other factors in breast cancer risk and survival among women attending breast cancer screening centers in Ghana. At the start of the study, a questionnaire will be used to obtain information on their socio-demographics, hormonal factors, such as age at menarche, number of children, breast feeding practices, physical activity, and dietary intake. Body weight, waist circumference, belly fat, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and fat levels in blood will be measured to determine those with metabolic syndrome. Stool samples will be analysed for microorganisms living in the digestive system. A pathologist will confirm positive breast cancer cases. Associations between breast cancer (positive versus negative) and metabolic syndrome, and gut microbiome, and lifestyle will be analysed.
Potential impact
In this first study, we will learn about metabolic syndrome and gut microbiome associations with breast cancer. By following the participants in future studies, we will understand what increases the risk and progress of breast cancer. This will provide preventive strategies, early detection, and personalised care for women with breast cancer. We will also use the group to better understand other common cancers in women. The study will ultimately help to reduce the burden of breast cancer in the region and enhance the overall health of African women.